Unknown (extracted January 2019). The German mission societies in South Africa included the Berlin Mission Society (which is the focus of this article), the Hermannsburg, the Moravian and Rhinish Mission Societies. The Wangemann collection is currently curated by the Ditsong National Museum of Cultural History in Pretoria. Many questions arise around the existence of the album. Missionary work during the 1800s and early 1900s was clearly a very male dominated field. He wrote a system of regulations addressing fundamental questions of missionary work, the 1881 Missionsordnung der Gesellschaft zur Beförderung der Evangelischen Missionen unter den Heiden zu Berlin.[4]. The Germany Embassy in Pretoria - South Africa. The first mission station was subsequently established on the Orange River and was named Bethanien. By 1900 there were more than thirty six stations and nearly 30,000 converts in the region. Much More than a Mafia: Mavericks, Mentors, and Medical Maestros. German Embassy in Pretoria, South Africa - 201 Florence Ribeiro Avenue - Groenkloof, 0181, Pretoria - South Africa Telephone Number: (+27) (0)12 427 8900. Unknown (Extracted January 2019). See for example, David B. BARRETT, "AD2000: 350 million Christians in Africa", in International Review of Mission, 59, Digitised by the University of Pretoria, Library Services, 2013 During colonialism in South Africa they defied the government and educated black students at a time when the colonial governments forbade this … De Jong, C. (1992). [Linda Chisholm] Home. All the photographs of the missionaries included in this article were taken in Berlin, Germany. Ambassador: Walter Lindner - Ambassador. The earliest efforts were made by George Schmidt, a Moravian whose work was carried on in the late 18th c by other Moravians at the famous Genadendal Mission Station. He remarried Clementine Katharina Kuhne. Interestingly enough, at least eight of the ten men listed below remained in South Africa and passed away on Southern African soil. A collection of 106 drawings by Wangemann, originating from these journeys, was acquired by a South African museum in 1954. He first traveled to South Africa shortly after becoming director and went a second time in 1884. The legacy of Christian missionaries in Africa lives up to this day. In 1885 on 1 September, as a result of his enthusiastic articles in the German Catholic press, five young German women travelled to South Africa to join his missionary work. South Africa. South Africa Johannesburg Mission South Africa Mission 1970-1974 Swedish Mission 1905 Peter Matson extant Organized from Scandinavian Mission Sweden Stockholm Mission Sweden Mission 1970-1974 French Mission 1912 Edgar B. Brossard 1914 Tongan Mission 1916 Willard L. Smith extant Organized from Samoan Mission Tonga Nuku'alofa Mission A recorded discussion between Kropf and Sir. He remarried Augusta Maria Johl during 1902. Visa applications, passports, consular statements, legalisation of documents and more. They used some of the British Empire’s resources and then in turn the empire coerced them to use their teaching to subdue the Africans. 4) Eduard Kratzenstein (Dr.) (1823 – 1896). Apparently not adapting well to the Pomeranian climate, however, he returned early to the BMS station at Botshabelo as a teacher. Whilst much may have been published on most of the missionaries listed below, the primary purpose of this article is to share the images in the public domain. & Boshoff, W (2015). Paul the Apostle: One of the greatest missionaries of all times. He arrived in South Africa during 1896 and passed away in Zimbabwe on 23 January 1924 (aged almost 56). In his memory, the mission station Mp'hôme (Mphome) based in Haenertsburg (Limpopo Province today), was also renamed to Kratzenstein. Kropf attributes the slow growth of the mission population to the station being destroyed twice (during 1846 and 1851), resulting in membership scattering and the mission needing to commence anew after each of these destructions. Given his two study directions, Wangemann was not only a theologist but also a linguist. Other stations followed but on-going frontier conflict was a constraint. He married a Scottish yarn winder, Janet Burnside, at Govan in February 1857 and returned to South Africa to found a Mission Station at Tuturu. Many photos are submitted by heritage enthusiasts across the country. The themes of his drawings vary from South African landscapes to six drawings of places in the Middle East. Missionaries Alexander Merensky and Heinrich Grützner started work in the north eastern part of the South African Republic in 1860, their first station being at Gerlachshoop. [1][2][6] He also acquired the adjacent… (1999). Next the focus shifted to the Eastern Cape where Ludwig Döhne started the first Berlin Mission Station in this troubled area during 1836. Missionary settlement in Southern Africa 1800-1925. Related Content. Further missionaries arrived in 1836/7, with Jacob Ludwig Döhne setting up BMS stations Bethel and Itemba amongst the Xhosa in a part of the Eastern Cape then known as Kaffraria. Miles traveled to the interior with the missionary party in 1835. Kropf was born in Germany on 27 March 1822. In 1885 on 1 September, as a result of his enthusiastic articles in the German Catholic press, five young German women travelled to South Africa to join his missionary work. After studying theology and philology (the branch of knowledge that deals with the structure, historical development, and relationships of a language or languages) at the University of Berlin, Wangemann first held a position as tutor in  Bern between 1840 & 1844. The missionaries emphasized teachings of never questioning authority and accepting colonial rule as ordained by God. Places Amalienstein, a Mission Station in the Western Cape; Anhalt-Schmidt, a Mission Station in Little Karoo; Botshebelo Township, near Middleburg; General Galleries. It was as part of this process that Africans, duly trained and sometimes salaried, were accepted into the Society as teachers, catechists and lay-preachers, the so-called Nationalhelferen or national helpers. [9], The Bethel Mission had established a missionary presence in Tanganyika, German East Africa, inviting the BMS in 1903 to take over a number of its stations. For example, a cross-denominational council of missionaries was created at a 1918 conference in Kenya. Kratzenstein was based at Bethel (now Stutterheim) at some stage. There were unsuccessful early attempts to evangelise the Swazi and in Sekhukhuneland. He arrived in South Africa during 1897. Gerda Henkel Stiftung: The Gerda Henkel Stiftung foundation is a nonprofit organization that supports projects in the humanities.It supports research by scholars around the world and awards scholarships especially to up and coming scholars…[]Hertie-Stiftung (Foundation): The Hertie-Stiftung is one of largest foundations in Germany that seeks to support innovations for change. World War I cut off contact with Germany, but the missions continued at a reduced pace. German-Herero conflict of 1904–07, the conflict between the Herero people and German colonial troops in German South West Africa in 1904 and the ensuing events of the next few years that resulted in the deaths of about 75 percent of the Herero population, considered by most scholars to be genocide.. Background. 1953) and the Presbyterian Church in Taiwan and co-operates with the United Church of Christ in Japan and the Church of Christ in China. Missionaries saw the voyages to Africa by their governments as an opportunity for them to spread the teaching of the Christian faith. The Berlin Missionary Society (BMS) or Society for the Advancement of evangelistic Missions amongst the Heathen (German: Berliner Missionsgesellschaft or Gesellschaft zur Beförderung der evangelischen Missionen unter den Heiden) was a German Protestant (Lutheran) Christian missionary society that was constituted on 29 February 1824 by a group of pious laymen from the Prussian nobility. Missionaries saw the voyages to Africa by their governments as an opportunity for them to spread the teaching of the Christian faith. southern Africa were assimilated into the nearest reformed English or Afri­ kaans communities. BETWEEN WORLDS: German Missionaries and the Transition from Mission to Bantu Education in South AfricaLinda ChisholmWits University Press Mission schools have a mixed reputation in former colonies. He was also the superintendent at the Dohne station. He arrived in South Africa during 1895. European missionaries to southern Africa during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries played a strangely ambiguous role in the history and affairs of the region. Hence the Society’s missionaries were often at the forefront of publishing Bible translations, dictionaries and grammars in indigenous languages. He is conducting research on South African based photographers from before 1910. Assemblies of God World Missions 1445 N Boonville Avenue Springfield, MO 65802 417-862-2781 He not only collects anything relating to photography, but also extensively conducts research in this field. He passed away in Pietersburg on 15 September 1962 (Aged 94). Moreover, after World War II the Society's Berlin headquarters fell within the Soviet Zone of Occupied Germany. Few returned to Africa and thus German … Kropf confirmed that he worked with local leaders Ndhlambes (under chief Umhala) and Gaikas (under chief Sandili). The missionaries emphasized teachings of never questioning authority and accepting colonial rule as ordained by God. Powe, K. & van der Heyden, U. (Extracted January 2019). A number of missionaries with close ties to Berlin had been working here for the London Missionary Society and the Rhenish Mission, and thus South Africa was chosen as the first mission field. These photographs would more than likely have formed part of the Berlin Mission Station staff files. Fax Number: (+27) (0)12 427 8969. See for example, David B. BARRETT, "AD2000: 350 million Christians in Africa", in International Review of Mission, 59, Digitised by the University of Pretoria, Library Services, 2013 [1], The Berlin Missionary Society is still active today as an integral part of the Evangelical Church of Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia (EKBO). Elim was established in 1824 by German missionaries as a Moravian mission station Picture: Ayanda Ndamane/African News Agency (ANA) In time, further stations were started in the colony. … Upon arriving in the southern Free State, and on advice from the London Mission Society’s G.A. An important director was Hermann Theodor Wangemann [de], who directed the Society from 1865 until his death in 1894. Click here for details on how to contribute and here to advertise in our newsletter. German South West Africa, a former German colony (1884–1919) that is now the nation of Namibia, in southwestern Africa. There were few positive reports in the early years, but it was especially active 1859-1914. Wangemenn was born on 27 March 1818 in Wilsnack and passed away in Berlin on 18 June 1894 aged 76. The Berlin Missionary Society in South Africa. South Africa and Namibia. Gottschling was born in Germany on 10 June 1856 and first arrived in South Africa during 1882. After 1945 the missionaries had to deal with the decolonisation o… He was married to Anna Charlotte Canin who passed away in Boksburg on 24 July 1952. His first wife Elisabeth died two days after the birth of their daughter Anna, who married a Johannes Winter in later years. [8], Niklaas Koen, a “Khoikhoi”, was sent by the BMS to Germany in 1875 to further his education at a high school at Ducherow in Pomerania and afterwards to study for the ministry at the Berlin Missionshaus, where he adopted a German version of his name, Klaus Kuhn. Included amongst the batch of photographs were images of two unidentified females, who may have been married to one of the men mentioned above. LMS missionary arrived at the Cape in 1817; worked among the Bechuana at Kuruman Mission Station for 50 years. On 23 September 1828 the missionary groups from Elberfeld, Barmen and Cologne (Köln) decided to amalgamate to form the Rhenish Mission Society. If there is no additional booking confirmation, the traveler may be denied entry by the German Federal Police. German South West Africa (German: Deutsch-Südwestafrika) was a colony of the German Empire from 1884 until 1915, though Germany did not officially recognise its loss of this territory until the 1919 Treaty of Versailles.With a total area of 835,100 km², it was one and a half times the size of the mainland German Empire in Europe at the time. Ten South African based German Missionaries Photographed, Gustav Dietrich - German Missionary via Carol Hardijzer.jpg, Ernst Friedrich Gottschling - German Missionary via Carol Hardijzer.jpg, Carl Adolf Hoffman - German Missionary via Carol Hardijzer.jpg, Eduard Kratzenstein - German Missionary via Carol Hardijzer.jpg, Johann Heinrich Albert Kropf - German Missionary via Carol Hardijzer.jpg, Julius August Marasas - German Missionary via Carol Hardijzer.jpg, Gustav Pakendorf - German Missionary via Carol Hardijzer.jpg, Wilhelm Taurat - German Missionary via Carol Hardijzer.jpg, Hermann Theodor Wangemann - German Missionary via Carol Hardijzer.jpg, Georg Carl Windisch - German Missionary via Carol Hardijzer.jpg, Unidentified female German Missionary via Carol Hardijzer.jpg, A short history of Ncera Methodist Church, Activism by Sandton Ratepayers in the 1990s, Finding the grave of Nat Nakasa in New York, Barnett's Views of Johannesburg and Suburbs - A window on the world that was early Johannesburg, Reflections on the end of World War I and the impact of war, Another brick in the wall – forgotten Kirkness bricks and fireplaces at the UNISA Sunnyside campus, Why Do Municipalities Not Uphold Their By-Laws - A Case Study from Greater Oudtshoorn, The Famous Hanging Building at 78 Fox Street, An opportunity to purchase an original Johannesburg Title Deed, Invitation to comment on the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site Integrated Management Plan (IMP), Hidden History of the Kruger National Park - 16 January 2021, Memories of the Old Melville Swimming Baths, Review of Traditional Tswana Housing: A Study in Four Villages in eastern Botswana (2nd edition), Johannesburg Heritage Foundation responds to the City's update on Museum Africa, City provides update on remedial measures following the break-in at Museum Africa, New Book - Thomas Muir: 'Lad O'Pairts' - The Life and Work of Sir Thomas Muir (1844-1934), Mathematician and Cape Colonial Educationist, Advertise in The Heritage Portal Newsletter, The Capture of Winston Churchill - The Armoured Train Incident. A second missionary field in China arose after Germany declared Shantung to be within their sphere of political and colonial influence in 1896. Related Content. The mission station " Wangemannshöh " in German East Africa, (Tanzania), was named after him. [7], Another gifted African student who had started out with violin lessons and was to follow in Kuhn’s footsteps to Ducherow and then the theological seminary in Berlin was one Jan Sekoto. Twice married into aristocracy, Wangemann had intimate friends in high places and was acquainted with Bismarck. He arrived in South Africa during 1894 and passed away in Potchefstroom on 29 August 1944 (Aged 74). Pakendorf was born in Germany on 28 August 1869 and arrived in South Africa during 1895. Germany lost its colonies in the war, and the newly commenced German East Africa mission was terminated. It raises challenging questions about the nature of mission education legacies. Sadly, the author has no detail as to where the album originated from. “ Between Worlds: German Missionaries and the Transition from Mission to Bantu Education in South Africa” scrutinizes the experience of a hitherto unexplored German mission society, probing the complexities and paradoxes of social change in education. Missionaries Karl Wilhelm Posselt and Wilhelm Güldenpfennig founded the first BMS station in Natal which they named Emmaus, with further stations being established in the years that followed, including the Christianenberg and Hermannsburg Missions. The missionaries Posselt and Güldenpfennig founded the first BMS station in Natal during 1847 and named it Emmaus. The Berlin Mission started sending missionaries to South Africa in 1833. She passed away in Pinetown on 28 August 1960. The Berlin Missionary Society was one of four German Protestant mission societies active in South Africa before 1914. Johann Heinrich Albert Kropf - German Missionary via Carol Hardijzer. He has published a variety of articles on this topic and assisted a publisher and fellow researchers in the field. [1] He passed away in Bergville on 2 June 1940 (aged almost 71). The remainder of the images had no inscriptions on them, making it almost impossible to identify the missionary that was photographically captured. (extracted January 2019). Dietrich was born in Germany on 3 February 1868. [1][2], It was a successor organisation, in Berlin, to the missionary training efforts of Pastor Johannes Jaenicke [de] (of the Bohemian-Lutheran congregation in Berlin) which had prepared missionaries since 1800 for work with other missionary societies including the London Missionary Society.[3]. J.D. The considerable contribution of St John’s College to Medicine. Here were established a school, seminary, workshops, mill and printing press; and from here BMS influence spread throughout the Transvaal. Merensky sought refuge amongst his Christian converts in the Middelburg district and founded the station at Botshabelo (“city of refuge”) – which soon became the most important station of the Berlin Society in South Africa. Later the BMS in China merged with the German East Asia Mission (German: Deutsche Ostasienmission), which in 1972 was integrated into the still existing Berlin Missionary Endowment (German: Berliner Missionswerk). They had a vocation to the religious life, and were eager to have a specific common rule of life. Due to the slow progress, the BMS gladly accepted the invitation by the British authorities to start work in the new colony of Natal. R R ottcher Wineries’ lineage goes back to Muden near Greytown in KwaZulu-Natal, when a German missionary by the name Reverend Heinrich Rottcher and his family established the Sonnengold Orange Winery in 1916 – the first orang e-based wine-making recorded in South Africa – to supply communion wine for the mission. The Society supported work in South Africa, China and East Africa. The Berlin Missionary Society was one of four German Protestant mission societies active in South Africa before 1914. His daughter Mary married David Livingstone, the missionary-explorer, who also worked at Kuruman before his travels in … He trained as a printer in Germany prior to arriving in South Africa during 1845. She passed away in Stutterheim on 26 August 1929. Email: info@pretoria.diplo.de. In southern Africa most of the leaders who participated in the fight for independence were educated by missionaries or schools built by missionaries. The Berlin Mission Society and its Theology: the Bapedi Mission Church and the independent Bapedi Lutheran Church. Other stations followed, but the continuous wars between the British and the Xhosa made missionary work very difficult. German missionaries established themselves at various centres in South Africa. Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press. On the one hand they were driven by a strong desire to genuinely serve humanity and bring about material and social changes which would improve its quality of life. Wangemann’s second wife, Hedwig von Blankenburg, died after a long illness. The last area to be focused on by the BMS was the North-Eastern areas of South Africa where Merensky and Grützner established their first mission station during 1860 called Gerlachshoop. Can anyone tell me where this building in East London is? Wrote ‘Missionary Labours and Scenes in South Africa’ (1842), and translated the Catechism as well as the New Testament into the Tswana language. His third wife was Helene Merensky, Alexander Merensky's sister. He was also the editor of the Berlin mission reports. The BMS sent its first missionaries to South Africa in 1833. Diplomatic representation of Germany. First married to Wilhelmine Elfert (who passed away on 29 November 1915), he remarried Emma Elizabeth Gentsch who passed away in Pretoria on 9 September 1948. Jeppe en H.T. The drawings have a significant cultural-historical value in that they are accompanied by extensive written travelogues. He passed away in Stutterheim on 10 December 1910 (Aged almost 88). In 1883 Franz Adolf Lüderitz, a merchant from Bremen, Germany, established a trading post in southwest Africa at Angra Pequena, which he renamed Lüderitzbucht. Both World Wars, when access to funding became severely limited, caused even greater disruption. Kropf published a much-valued Xhosa/English dictionary during 1899. Replacements however arrived from Berlin in time to continue the work without a break in continuity. Significant about each of the photographs included in this article is that they were taken more than a 130 years ago in Germany prior to the missionaries’ departure to South Africa. If you would like to post a comment and need instructions click here. His first visit was between 17 September 1866 and 26 September 1867 during which he was critical of how the white colonists treated their black staff or the local population. The latter keeps well established ties with the Presbyterian Church in the Republic of Korea (est. He often published his works relating to his journeys. It is also assumed that Missionaries were provided with copies of their own images to use as “visiting cards” in the country where they did service. They had a vocation to the religious life, and were eager to have a specific common rule of life. Their work was interrupted by the Anglo Boer War, during which BMS missionary Daniel Heese was murdered by members of the Bushveldt Carbineers, an irregular regiment of the British Army. They used some of the British Empire’s resources and then in turn the empire coerced them to use their teaching to subdue the Africans. The areas of German South West Africa (now Namibia) were formally … South Africa. Does anyone have material on the Holpan Diamond Diggings? This mission station did not get off to a good start, mainly due to the local population, the Korannas drifting off. The German mission societies in South Africa included the Berlin Mission Society (which is the focus of this article), the Hermannsburg, the Moravian and Rhinish Mission Societies. He got married to Auguste Marie Sandrock in South Africa on 12 October 1898, but she passed away during July 1914 whereafter he remarried Luise Henriette Brune during 1916. Marasas was born in Germany on 30 July 1869. It proved unable to speak and act decisively against injustice and racial discrimination and was disbanded in 1972.[5]. As successor to Johann Christian Wallmann, Wangemann was appointed director of the Berlin Mission Society during 1865. Between Worlds: German Missionaries and the Transition from Mission to Bantu Education in South Africa scrutinises the experience of a hitherto unexplored German mission society, probing the complexities and paradoxes of social change in education. Largest mission Society during 1865 more than thirty six stations and nearly 30,000 converts in the Middle.. Director, he encouraged missionary effectiveness through tight organisation India were interned and repatriated and the independent Lutheran! He was also the superintendent at the forefront of publishing Bible translations, and! At various centres in South Africa was photographically captured in 1884 and sent off to South Africa in 1833 1949! Students at a reduced pace to contribute and here to advertise in our.! Blankenburg, died after a long illness proved unable to speak and act decisively against injustice and racial discrimination was. Far side of the Berlin missionary Society deal with the apartheid government,! He passed away in Pinetown on 28 August 1960 colonial governments forbade this practice 28 August 1869 and in... In that they are accompanied by extensive written travelogues Zone of Occupied Germany, but also a linguist 17. At the Dohne station Kriele who passed away in Stutterheim on 10 1898. Printing press ; and from here BMS influence spread throughout the Transvaal Wangemann, originating these! During the Wangemann collection is currently curated by the Berlin missionary Society was one of four German mission! All the photographs of the leaders who participated in the colony men listed below remained in South Africa China! Number: ( +27 ) ( 0 ) 12 427 8969 for some 60 years Potchefstroom on 13 1941... An opportunity for them to spread the teaching of the Christian faith, making it impossible. [ 5 ], U ( 2 ) mainly due to the South African mission were,. Southern African soil chief Umhala ) and Gaikas ( under chief Umhala and! 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Of the region he had about 250 active Christians at the Cape in 1817 worked!

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