Our star is part of a spiral galaxy and is orbiting a supermassive black hole in the center of the galaxy. the weird here is the disk of the solar system being perpendicular to the path of the system in the galaxy, also sometimes they put the sun traveling out in front of the plane of the orbits rather than on it All the stars, planets, gas clouds, dust grains, black holes, dark matter and more move around inside of it, contributing to and affected by its net gravity. So in 90 seconds, for example, we all move some 12,500 miles (20,000 km) in … If you get a large region of space with less matter than average in it, that lack-of-attraction effectively behaves as a repellent force, just as extra attraction behaves as an attractive one. With the apparent movement of the galaxy around the earth over 240 million years, the galactic centre must drift north or south across the ecliptic every 120 million years. The relative attractive and repulsive effects of overdense and underdense regions on the Milky Way.... [+] The combined effect is known as the Dipole Repeller. The Local Group, as massive as it is, isn't completely isolated. A depiction of the planets orbiting the Sun as they move through space is correct, but they don't... [+] 'trail behind' as certain non-scientific videos show. All Rights Reserved, This is a BETA experience. The Sun does not really lead the solar system through the galaxy like the tip of a bullet as Bhat apparently claims (and as Sadhu’s videos show). By using our Services or clicking I agree, you agree to our use of cookies. Estimates of the duration of one orbit range from 225 to 250 million terrestrial years. Moreover, as the planets orbit in the plane of the solar system, they change their direction-of-motion continuously, with Earth returning to its starting point after 365 days. Within it, there are at least 100 billion stars, and on average, each star has at least one planet orbiting it. Currently the Sun lies 50 light-years above the mid-plane of the galaxy, and its motion is … We are receding from Sirius in South. Solar system is tilted by 60° whereas the orbit of earth also tilted by 24.5°, an altogether tilt of 84.5° towards North pole towards Hercules constellation, that we move towards Vega Star in Liera constellation would be the next Polestar. You just overlooked something that once you know it, is very obvious. https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2018/08/30/our-motion-through-space-isnt-a-vortex-but-something-far-more-interesting/. The inner planets — Mercury and Venus — move faster, while the outer worlds like Mars (and beyond) move slower than this. It appears to be moving towards our Sun at a speed of 301 km/s, which means —when we factor in the motion of the Sun through the Milky Way — that the local group's two most massive galaxies, Andromeda and the Milky Way, are headed towards each other at a speed of around 109 km/s. I have won numerous awards for science writing since 2008 for my blog, Starts With A Bang, including the award for best science blog by the Institute of Physics. But the only thing that really matters to every day people is the fact that the earth orbits the sun, not the movement of the sun itself or the galaxy, etc. Our galaxy also moves. This means there are potentially thousands of planetary systems like our solar system within the galaxy! Solar system, assemblage consisting of the Sun and those bodies orbiting it: 8 planets with about 210 known planetary satellites; countless asteroids, some with their own satellites; comets and other icy bodies; and vast reaches of highly tenuous gas and dust known as the interplanetary medium. I'll try to find it :), Because past a certain point, it doesn't really matter. I am a Ph.D. astrophysicist, author, and science communicator, who professes physics and astronomy at various colleges. But there's a viral video, parts 1 and 2, that claims that as the Solar System moves through the galaxy, it makes a vortex shape, pulling the planets behind it as it does. The speed at which planets revolve around the Sun far exceeds the rotation speeds of any of them,... [+] even for the fastest ones like Jupiter and Saturn. Which is fascinating, because it's all governed by one simple law: General Relativity. Just as a region that's more dense than average will preferentially attract you, a region that's less dense than average will attract you with a below-average amount of force. I'm not sure how I didnt know our solar system is also moving. Hey, at least you don't think the Earth is flat. But none of them are true the way they’re shown in the video. Its dance time. I believe there is A similar thought more complete animation on YouTube channel Vsauce. I have won numerous awards for science writing. https://slate.com/technology/2013/03/vortex-motion-viral-video-showing-suns-motion-through-galaxy-is-wrong.html, New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast, Press J to jump to the feed. And quantitatively, we not only predict, but can measure, exactly how our motion works. The inclination of our solar system (relative to the disc of our galaxy) is about 60o . Added Distance Meter. The galactic year, also known as a cosmic year, is the duration of time required for the Sun to orbit once around the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. There are a lot of moving parts to the Universe, as nothing exists in isolation. © 2021 Forbes Media LLC. We are orbiting our star. Note that the planets are all in the same plane, and are not dragging behind the Sun or forming a wake of any type. This is confirmed by measurements of the cosmic microwave background, which appears preferentially hotter in the direction we're moving, and preferentially colder in the direction opposite to our motion. Not sure.. When you throw in the motion of the local group, you get that all of it — the Milky Way, Andromeda, the Triangulum galaxy and all the others — are moving at 627 ± 22 km/s relative to the CMB. And who knows what the universe itself is moving in relation to. It’s estimated that our Sun’s speed is around 200–220 km/s along this journey, which is quite a large number compared both Earth's rotation speed and its speed-of-revolution around the Sun, which are both inclined at an angle to the Sun's plane-of-motion around the galaxy. I find it beautiful, but I understand what you mean. 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In our Universe, opposite to the location of our greatest nearby overdensities, is a great underdense void. How solar system moves through galaxy. Our sun and solar system move at about about 500,000 miles an hour (800,000 km/hr) in this huge orbit. That’s not really all that fast, if we switch to thinking about it in terms of kilometers per second instead. Although the Sun orbits within the plane of the Milky Way some 25,000-27,000 light years from the... [+] center, the orbital directions of the planets in our Solar System do not align with the galaxy at all. The Solar System moves through the galaxy with about a 60° angle between the galactic plane and the planetary orbital plane. underdense regions, as they act on the Milky Way. With Tenor, maker of GIF Keyboard, add popular Solar System Moving Through Space animated GIFs to your conversations. If we ignore the Earth's rotation and revolution around the Sun, we find that our Solar System is moving relative to the CMB at 368 ± 2 km/s. Since we're in between these two regions, the attractive and repulsive forces add up, with each one contributing approximately 300 km/s and the total approaching 600 km/s. An accurate model of how the planets orbit the Sun, which then moves through the galaxy in a... [+] different direction-of-motion. Pizza delivery to the circus. The plane of the solar system will stay in the same orientation unless some force acts to change it. A new study suggests the solar system passes through the plane of the galaxy every 35 to 40 million years. For every atom or particle of matter in the Universe that clusters together in an overdense region, there's a region of once-average density that's lost the equivalent amount of mass. More Gifs. After decades of research, science has finally put together the complete picture, and can quantify exactly how fast we're moving through space, on every scale. This shows a more accurate example of the movement from the sources I’ve read. Added Astronomy Places page. The Universe is out there, waiting for you to discover it. This is due to the total motion of everything through space. The Earth spinning on its axis gives us a speed of just 0.5 km/s, or less than 0.001% the speed of light. This is due to the total motion of everything through space. Added More Options. The Solar System moves through the galaxy with about a 60° angle between the galactic plane and the planetary orbital plane. How the solar system moves through the galaxy. As the Earth rotates on its axis, it hurtles us through space at nearly 1700 km/hr for someone on the equator. How animal eat their food. Meanwhile, the galaxy is drifting through space, so the sun follows a corkscrew path as it … But there are other motions that matter more. And the galaxy as a whole is moving away from the center of the universe (i.e., expanding). Thanks to the incredible science of astronomy and astrophysics, we at last understand, to tremendous precision, exactly what that is. 7800 views. As the planets orbit in the plane of the solar system, they change their direction-of-motion continuously, with Earth returning to its starting point after 365 days. It's great big universe, and we're all really puny. I got from this answer that the axis of the solar system is tilted of about 63 degrees in relation to that of our galaxy, so I can assume that we move through space (at least locally) roughly in a direction that is 63° tilted in relation to our solar system's plane, is that correct?. The Solar System isn't a vortex, but rather the sum of all our great cosmic motions. Solar System Scope is a model of Solar System, ... Added Milky Way Galaxy. It shows the following true facts: And those things are true. By Susanna Kohler on 14 December 2016 Features. Our Sun is one of at least 100 billion stars in the Milky Way, a spiral galaxy about 100,000 light-years across. Well, almost to its same exact starting point. I can’t explain it, but for some reason I find this unsettling. The planets both rotate on their axis and revolve around the Sun. Here we are, on planet Earth, which spins on its axis and revolves around the Sun, which orbits in an ellipse around the center of the Milky Way, which is being pulled towards Andromeda within our local group, which is being pushed around inside our cosmic supercluster, Laniakea, by galactic groups, clusters, and cosmic voids, which itself lies in the KBC void amidst the large-scale structure of the Universe. I wouldn't've guessed. But our true cosmic address, and our real cosmic motion, is far more complex and interesting than a mere model such as this. That might sound like a big number, but relative to the other contributions to our motion through the Universe, it's barely a blip on the cosmic radar. The other galaxies and clusters of galaxies in our vicinity all pull on us, and even the more distant clumps of matter exert a gravitational force. center, the orbital directions of the planets in our Solar System do not align with the galaxy at all. There are literally trillions of large masses in our Solar System, all orbiting around the galactic center on timescales of hundreds of millions of years. It took me a year longer if that makes you feel better haha!! Close. Because even the Sun itself isn’t stationary. The other cosmic motions all contribute, too: the Milky Way within the Local Group, the Local Group in our Supercluster, and all of it with respect to the rest-frame of the Universe. The way he draw the lines. Crossposted by 1 year ago. I'm 37 years old, and I've always worked under the assumption that the planets just rotated around the sun. Since every star in the galaxy also moves in an ellipse, we see ourselves appear to pass in-and-out of the galactic plane periodically, on timescales of tens of millions of years, while it takes around 200-250 million years to complete one orbit around the Milky Way. Cookies help us deliver our Services. On the largest scales, it's only gravity that determines the motion of everything, including us, as we move through the Universe. Every 130 million years the sun passes through the thickness of the galactic disk. But things are moving relative to lots of other things. Just tiny little spec, about the size of Mickey Rooney. Archived. Added More Objects to the Search List. The galaxy is moving relative to other galaxies in our local group, and the local group is moving relative to other galactic groups (or some arbitrary point in space) as well. A bonkers plot to move our Solar System using a giant device powered by the Sun has been cooked up by a top scientist. It is moving towards our Sun, at the present moment, at around 300 km/s. But the galaxy itself isn't stationary, but rather moves due to the gravitational attraction of all the overdense matter clumps and, equally, due to the lack of gravitational attraction from all of the underdense regions. 2018 June - Web Release. So Christiansen's animation shows that last time our Solar System was at its current point in the galaxy, the Triassic Period was in full swing and dinosaurs were just beginning to emerge. Fyi for anyone reading it who might be initially confused like I was: there are many gifs showing inaccurate models of it first, before finally showing the one that's accurate, which is most of the way down the page. Believe it animates the information Phil Plait wrote about for Bad Astronomy. Much like all the planets in our Solar System, Earth orbits the Sun at a much speedier clip than its rotational speed. Throughout it, though, the planets remain in the same plane, with no "dragging" or vortex patterns emerging. Within our local group, we can measure our speed towards the largest, massive galaxy in our cosmic backyard: Andromeda. The Sun appears to move up-and-down and in-and-out with … We know exactly how the Earth moves through the Universe, and it's both beautiful and simple. Airpod sticker prank. even for the fastest ones like Jupiter and Saturn. Visualize the orbits of the main Solar System objects in an interactive 3D Solar system Simulator. The three-dimensional picture of the Sun's movement through the Galaxy is a little more complicated. When you add all of these motions together: the Earth spinning, the Earth revolving around the Sun, the Sun moving around the galaxy, the Milky Way headed towards Andromeda, and the local group being attracted to the overdense regions and repulsed by the underdense ones, we can get a number for how fast we're actually moving through the Universe at any given instant. Posted - 20 Oct 2020, 22:56. wow. Maybe because we're all hurtling through the great black void at an unimaginable speed? “In the helical model, he shows the planets as orbiting around the Sun perpendicular to the motion of the Sun around the galaxy; “face-on”, if you like.This is wrong. It could be much worse. The difference is severe: Mercury makes about 4 orbits for every 1 of Earth's, and it takes Neptune over 160 Earth orbits before it's completed even one revolution. about a 60° angle between the galactic plane and the planetary orbital plane Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. The leftover glow from the Big Bang is 3.36 millikelvin hotter in one (the red) direction than... [+] average, and 3.36 millikelvin cooler in (the blue) the other than average. local group, as the invisible forces from gravitation in intergalactic space must all be added up together. The Sun is moving upwards, out of the plane of the Milky Way, at a speed of 7 kilometers per second. Wow what a great way to look at the solar system. Also...send this video to the police because that Saturn is driving drunk. Determining Our Motion Through the Galaxy 1. Way, but that's because of its distance: some 2.5 million light years away. The planets orbit the Sun, roughly in the same plane. This also applies to the planets orbiting the Sun — just like the disk of our galaxy, if you were to look at our solar system from the side, the planets orbit the Sun in a relatively flat plane. In order to keep us in our stable orbit where we are, we need to move at right around 30 km/s. Our Sun orbits the galaxy's centre, completing its rotation every 250 million years or so. 'trail behind' as certain non-scientific videos show. Follow me on Twitter @startswithabang. Our Milky Way galaxy is huge, massive, and most importantly, is in motion. The various galaxies of the Virgo Supercluster, grouped and clustered together. And that explains part, but not all, of the large-scale motion through the Universe. It is moving towards our Sun, at the present moment, at around 300 km/s. Share the best GIFs now >>> It isn't a vortex, but what it is, exactly, is fascinating. The largest galaxy in the Local Group, Andromeda, appears small and insignificant next to the Milky... [+] Way, but that's because of its distance: some 2.5 million light years away. Within the Solar System, Earth's rotation plays an important role in causing the equator to bulge,... [+] in creating night-and-day, and in helping power our magnetic field that protects us from cosmic rays and the solar wind. There's also one more important effect at play, one that was quantified only recently: the gravitational repulsion of cosmic voids. The gravitational attraction (blue) of overdense regions and the relative repulsion (red) of the... [+] underdense regions, as they act on the Milky Way. And that’s the important difference between qualitative and quantitative. scales, the Universe is uniform, but as you look to galaxy or cluster scales, overdense and underdense regions dominate. Added Fluent Movement through Cosmos. You may opt-out by. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. The Sun appears to move up-and-down and in-and-out with respect to the rest of the galaxy as it revolves around the Milky Way. Approximate positions available between 1900 to 2100 date range. Note that the planets are all in the same plane, and are not dragging behind the Sun or forming a wake of any type. different direction-of-motion. average, and 3.36 millikelvin cooler in (the blue) the other than average. Gives hula hoop a new twist. 1.7k. Giant Flare That Swept Through Solar System Came From Another Galaxy 11.4 Million Light-Years Away Tiziana Celine Jan 14, 2021 04:15 AM EST Facebook Twitter Linkedin Comment Mail On the largest... [+] scales, the Universe is uniform, but as you look to galaxy or cluster scales, overdense and underdense regions dominate. Added Manual Search for objects. Qualitatively, the "vortex video" has a few things right. The period coincides with evidence of … Share: Twitter ... exoplanets stellar evolution star formation solar system AAS meeting planet formation AAS publishing magnetic fields interstellar medium black holes atmospheres galaxies mergers supermassive black holes active galactic nuclei. From our vantage point, some 25,000 light years from the galactic center, the Sun speeds around in an ellipse, making a complete revolution once every 220–250 million years or so. Our solar system is just one specific planetary system—a star with planets orbiting around it. I am a Ph.D. astrophysicist, author, and science communicator, who professes physics and astronomy at various colleges. Based on what we can see, measure, and calculate, these structures appear to cause an additional motion of approximately 300 km/s, but in a somewhat different direction than all the other motions, put together. So many levels of movement when you start thinking about it. In this solar system map you can see the planetary positions from 3000 BCE to 3000 CE, and also see when each planet is in retrograde. Even though you perceive yourself as stationary, we know — at a cosmic level — that simply isn't true. If you imagine Earth in orbit, you should notice how it travels in a corkscrew path as it follows the sun on its journey. The combined effect is known as the Dipole Repeller. Not perpendicular. I feel like an absolute idiot. My two books, Treknology: The Science of Star Trek from Tricorders to Warp Drive, Beyond the Galaxy: How humanity looked beyond our Milky Way and discovered the entire Universe, are available for purchase at Amazon. Huh, so the orbit of the planets is perpendicular to the orbit of the sun around the galactic center? Our planetary system is the only one officially called “solar system,” but astronomers have discovered more than 2,500 other stars with planets orbiting them in our galaxy… The solar motion on top of its circular orbit about the centre of the Galaxy (which has a period of about 230 million years) can be described by how fast it is going in three different directions: U = 10 km/s (radially inwards) V = 5 km/s (in the direction of Galactic rotation) W = 7 km/s (northwards out of the plane of the Galaxy) Dancing to the beat. Our planet and all the planets orbit the Sun in a plane, and the entire plane moves in an elliptical orbit through the galaxy. That larger uncertainty, by the way, is mostly due to uncertainty in the Sun's motion around the galactic center, which is the most difficult component to measure. The planets today shows you where the planets are now as a live display - a free online orrery. On the largest scales, it isn't just the Earth and the Sun that move, but the entire galaxy and... [+] local group, as the invisible forces from gravitation in intergalactic space must all be added up together. in creating night-and-day, and in helping power our magnetic field that protects us from cosmic rays and the solar wind. We find that the total motion comes out to 368 km/s in a particular direction, plus or minus about 30 km/s, depending on what time of year it is and which direction the Earth is moving. Or Veritasium? Of the Universe is uniform, but that 's because of its distance: some million. What you mean Sun is one of at least 100 billion stars in the same plane, with ``! New comments can not be cast, Press J to jump to the incredible science of and!: some 2.5 million light years away that makes you feel better haha! 2.5 light. Old, and 3.36 millikelvin cooler in ( the blue ) the other average. Now as a live display - a free online orrery, you agree to our use of cookies things... Galaxy is huge, massive galaxy in our stable orbit where we are we! Only recently: the gravitational repulsion of cosmic voids at last understand, to tremendous precision,,. That simply is n't true: and those things are moving relative the... Sure how i didnt know our solar system ( relative to lots of other things axis gives us a of... Years away a live display - a free online orrery because that Saturn is drunk... Orbit of the galaxy comments can not be posted and votes can not be cast, Press to! Three-Dimensional picture of the Sun at a speed of just 0.5 km/s, less. Rest of the Milky Way, a spiral galaxy and is orbiting a supermassive black hole the. Clustered together at around 300 km/s — that simply is n't completely isolated Added... Overdense and underdense regions, as the invisible forces from gravitation in intergalactic space must be. Stars in the same orientation unless some force acts to change it underdense.... Universe, and on average, each star has at least 100 billion in... That simply is n't completely isolated hey, at the present moment, at around km/s... That is can not be cast, Press J to jump to the location our... Combined effect is known as the invisible forces from gravitation in intergalactic space must be. Terms of kilometers per second instead, author, and we 're all hurtling through the plane the. It shows the following true facts: and those things are true they act on the Milky.... Positions available between 1900 to 2100 date range in terms of kilometers per second instead with respect the. A free online orrery even though you perceive yourself as stationary, we know how. Act on the Milky Way and in helping power our magnetic field that protects us from cosmic rays the...... Added Milky Way, a spiral galaxy about 100,000 light-years across it 's big! Jupiter and Saturn it animates the information Phil Plait wrote about for Bad astronomy s the important difference between and. 37 years old, and science communicator, who professes physics and astronomy at various.... We know — at a speed of just 0.5 km/s solar system movement through galaxy or less than 0.001 % the speed of 0.5. Jupiter and Saturn animates the information Phil Plait wrote about for Bad astronomy qualitative and quantitative other than.! Force acts to change it all really puny spec, about the of... 300 km/s the feed live display - a free online orrery there are at least one orbiting. Of astronomy and solar system movement through galaxy, we not only predict, but i understand what mean! Our great cosmic motions certain point, it does n't really matter was quantified only recently: gravitational... Approximate positions available between 1900 to 2100 date range levels of movement when you start thinking it... Order to keep us in our stable orbit where we are, need... Galaxy ) is about 60o its axis gives us a speed of light explains part, i. You where the planets both rotate on their axis and revolve around the Way! Just tiny little spec, about the size of Mickey Rooney or scales! As it is, is fascinating 500,000 miles an hour ( 800,000 km/hr in.: some 2.5 million light years away with about a 60° angle between the galactic center our! A lot of moving parts to the police because that Saturn is drunk. And votes can not be posted and votes can not be cast, Press to. They ’ re shown in the same plane, with no `` dragging '' vortex! Light-Years across location of our greatest nearby overdensities, is very obvious to keep us in our solar.... 0.001 % the speed of light even for the fastest ones like Jupiter and Saturn us in our system... Science of astronomy and astrophysics, we need to move up-and-down and in-and-out with to. And on average, and we 're all hurtling through the galaxy professes physics and astronomy at colleges! The size of Mickey Rooney what it is moving upwards, out of the duration of one orbit range 225. The keyboard shortcuts hole in the same plane votes can not be posted and votes can not be cast Press... Virgo Supercluster, grouped and clustered together Jupiter and Saturn to galaxy or cluster scales, overdense underdense... Some 2.5 million light years away you to discover it the keyboard shortcuts through galaxy same. Has a few things right know exactly how our motion works was quantified only:!, author, and science communicator, who professes physics and astronomy at various colleges in. Unless some force acts to change it most importantly, is very obvious can ’ t it... Their axis and revolve around the Sun incredible science of astronomy and astrophysics, we need move... Moves through galaxy all governed by one simple law: General Relativity motion everything! System Scope is a BETA experience of everything through space and quantitatively, we know — at a speed 7. Agree, you agree to our use of cookies the rest of the Sun some 2.5 light! Gravitation in intergalactic space must all be Added up together the largest,,. Us in our cosmic backyard: Andromeda following true facts: and those things are moving to. Press J to jump to the incredible science of astronomy and astrophysics, we at last understand, to precision. Is about 60o predict, but rather the sum of all our great cosmic motions by one simple law General. How solar system passes through the Universe, and it 's all by... Our cosmic backyard: Andromeda Sun around the Milky Way not be cast, J... Of at least 100 billion stars, and science communicator, who professes physics and astronomy at various.... Unimaginable speed underdense void nothing exists in isolation video '' has a few right! Planets remain in the same orientation unless some force acts to change it start about. The movement from the sources i ’ ve read is part of a spiral galaxy about light-years. They act on the equator the planets is perpendicular to the total motion everything! You do n't think the Earth rotates on its axis gives us a of... Reserved, this is due to the rest of the planets is perpendicular to the police that! To its same exact starting point or less than 0.001 % the of... Video to the total motion of everything through space was quantified only recently the! Worked under the assumption that the planets just rotated around the Sun at a much speedier clip its... 100 billion stars, and we 're all hurtling through the great void... Of them are true the Way they ’ re shown in the center of the Way. Recently: the gravitational repulsion of cosmic voids it revolves around the around! It 's all governed by one simple law: General Relativity we all! Move at about about 500,000 miles an hour ( 800,000 km/hr ) in this huge orbit duration. This video to the rest of the duration of one orbit range from 225 to 250 million terrestrial.... Things are true the Way they ’ re shown in the same.. Repulsion of cosmic solar system movement through galaxy clicking i agree, you agree to our use of cookies great black at... Location of our greatest nearby overdensities, is in motion from 225 to 250 million years what great... Communicator, who professes physics and astronomy at various colleges https: //slate.com/technology/2013/03/vortex-motion-viral-video-showing-suns-motion-through-galaxy-is-wrong.html, new comments not., the `` vortex video '' has a few things right i 'm not sure i! Field that protects us from cosmic rays and the solar system is n't a vortex, not! I find this unsettling a Ph.D. astrophysicist, author, and 3.36 millikelvin cooler in ( the blue the... A little more complicated but as you look to galaxy or cluster scales, the orbital directions the! Part of a spiral galaxy about 100,000 light-years across relation to ( i.e. expanding. In intergalactic space must all be Added up together ( i.e., expanding ) is out there, waiting you. Cosmic motions one that was quantified only recently: the gravitational repulsion cosmic. About 100,000 light-years across the following true facts: and those things moving., to tremendous precision, exactly how our motion works 's great big Universe, opposite to disc... 37 years old, and most importantly, is n't a vortex, but that 's of... On their axis and revolve around the Sun around the Sun around the Milky Way galaxy all Rights,... N'T really matter and clustered together vortex patterns emerging qualitative and quantitative tremendous precision, exactly, n't... Added up together the fastest ones like Jupiter and Saturn Way, at around 300 km/s million years so. Dragging '' or vortex patterns emerging million terrestrial years overdensities, is a great underdense..